Starved Rock State Park
Starved Rock is a state park in Illinois, characterized by 18 canyons within its 2,630 acres. Located near Ottawa, IL along the south bank of the Illinois River, it hosts over two million visitors annually, the most for any Illinois state park
Historical Inhabitants
Before European contact, the area now known as Starved Rock State Park was inhabited by Native Americans, particularly the Kaskaskia tribe, who lived in the Grand Village of Illinois across the river. The first Europeans recorded as exploring the Starved Rock region were Louis Joliet and Jacques Marquette.
The Siege
Later after the French had moved on, according to a local legend, a group of Native Americans called the Illiniwek or Illini) pursued by the Ottawa and Potawatomi fled to the butte in the late 18th century. In the legend, around 1769 the Ottawa and Potawatomi surrounded the butte until all of the Illiniwek had starved, and the butte became known as “Starve Rock”. The area of The Rock was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1960. Grab a Starved Rock Trail Map and explore starved rock state park on your own!
Historic Geological Formation
A catastrophic flood from a melting glacier known as the Kankakee Torrent, which took place somewhere between 14- 17,000 years ago, before humans occupied this area, this torrent helped create the park’s signature geology and features, which are very unusual for the central plains.
Location
Located on the south bank of the Illinois River, a major tributary of the Mississippi River, between the Fox and Vermilion Rivers. The Vermilion created large sandbars at the junction of the Illinois, preventing practical navigation farther upriver. Rapids were found at the base of the butte before the construction of the Lock and Dam.
Current Geology
Starv Rock is known for its outcrops of St. Peter Sandstone. The sandstone, typically buried, is exposed in this area due to an anticline, a convex fold in underlying strata. This creates canyons and cliffs when streams cut across the anticline. The sandstone is pure and poorly cemented, making it workable with a pick or shovel.
Local Legend
Local legends abound regarding the origin of Starved Rock State Park’s name. The most popular story involves revenge for the assassination of Ottawa leader Pontiac, who was killed by an Illinois Confederation warrior in Cahokia on April 20, 1769. According to the legend, the Ottawa, with their Potawatomi allies, avenged Pontiac’s death by attacking a band of Illiniwek along the Illinois River. The Illiniwek sought refuge by climbing the butte, but their pursuers laid siege to the rock until the group starved to death, thus giving the place its name “Starved Rock.” The legend sometimes incorrectly claims that this resulted in the complete extermination of the Illiniwek. Despite its prevalence in oral history, there is no historical evidence to support that the siege occurred. An early written account of the legend was recorded by Henry Schoolcraft in 1825.
Historical Ownership
Daniel Hitt purchased the land that is today occupied by the state Park from the United States Government in 1835 for $85 as compensation for his tenure in the U.S. Army. He sold the land in 1890 to Ferdinand Walther for $15,000. Recognizing the potential for developing the land as a resort, Walther constructed the Hotel and a natural pool near the base of Starved Rock camping, as well as a concession stand and dance hall. The French and Native American heritage of the region also drew visitors to the site. Walthers set up a variety of walkable trails and harbored small boats near the hotel that made trips along the Illinois River. Visitors could also visit Deer Park (modern-day Matthiessen State Park) a few miles to the south.
Current Ownership
With the growth of competitive sites, Walther struggled to keep the complex economically stable. In 1911, he sold the land to the Illinois State Parks Commission for $146,000. The Commission was initially headquartered at Starved Rock State Park after the land was acquired. The state initially acquired 898 acres and opened Starved Rock State Park as a public facility in 1912
Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal legislation in the 1930s called for the creation of the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) to provide jobs for young men. The focus of this group was to preserve natural areas in the rural United States. CCC Camp 614 was deployed to Starved Rock State Park camping. Unlike most CCC groups in the nation, Camp 614 included African Americans. The group, composed of roughly 200 men, constructed trails, shelters, and benches throughout the park. In 1933, the group was joined by Camp 1609 from Fort Sheridan. Camp 1609 constructed the Starved Rock state park Lodge, several surrounding log cabins, and a large parking lot. The state park lodge was particularly noted for its elegant fireplaces, constructed from limestone imported from Joliet. Men from camps 614 and 1609 lay more than 25 miles of trails.
When Illinois Route 71 was opened in 1942, it allowed easy automotive access from Chicago. Starve Rock state park was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1960. That same year, three women from the Chicago suburbs were brutally murdered in the park. Chester Weger was convicted of the murders and became Illinois longest-serving inmate.
Man made damage
The butte has eroded 18 to 48 inches (46 to 122 cm) due to foot traffic since the park was developed. To curb this, the Illinois Young Adult Conservation Corps installed a platform and staircase on the landmark in 1981. The CCC-era Starved Rock Lodge history and Cabins were added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 8, 1985. The Illinois Bureau of Tourism listed Starved Rock State Park as one of the “Seven Wonders of Illinois” in 2007. starved rock state park averages around 3 million visitors annually from all over the world.
Childhood Experience
As a kid growing up visiting Starv Rock, there were three sets of trail systems in the park. The bluff trails as notably named feature the trails that run along the tops of the canyons. These trails offer wonderful 360 degree vistas of the area and unique views down into the sandstone canyons. The river trails, run along the rivers edge but also go into the base of each of the canyons. They feature towering views of the canyon walls above and offer a glimpse of the unique plant life that grow in these humid areas. The trails that are missing today are the “Ridgeline trails”. These trails ran along the interior of the canyons up along the wall. They offered a mix of views both above and below of all the natural wonders of the Park. These trails were removed for safety reasons due to the potential for falls from these precarious trails. Another area state park to check out is Matthiessen State Park. For more starved rock information about starved rock hours visit here
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Exploring the Natural Wonder: A Comprehensive Guide to Starved Rock State Park
Nestled along the picturesque Illinois River, Starved Rock stands as a testament to the enduring beauty of nature. Its rugged canyons, towering cliffs, and cascading waterfalls have long captivated visitors, drawing them into a world of breathtaking landscapes and unparalleled tranquility. From avid hikers to casual sightseers, the park offers something for everyone, making it a beloved destination for outdoor enthusiasts of all ages. In this comprehensive guide, we’ll delve into the rich history, diverse ecosystems, and must-see attractions of this iconic Midwestern gem.
A Brief History
The history of the Park is as fascinating as its natural features. Indigenous peoples, including the Illiniwek and Potawatomi tribes, once inhabited this region, drawn to its abundant resources and strategic location along the river. The park’s name itself derives from a tragic legend involving a group of Illiniwek who sought refuge atop the sandstone butte, known as Starved Rock, during a siege by rival tribes. Cut off from food and water, the Illiniwek ultimately perished, leaving behind a haunting legacy that still resonates within the park’s towering cliffs.
In the 18th century, European explorers and fur traders began to venture into the Illinois Country, establishing trade routes and settlements along the riverbanks. As pioneers pushed westward, the area around Starved Rock witnessed the ebb and flow of frontier expansion, with conflicts between settlers and indigenous peoples shaping its tumultuous history.
By the early 20th century, efforts to preserve the area’s natural beauty gained momentum, leading to the establishment of the State Park in 1911. Since then, the park has served as a sanctuary for both wildlife and visitors alike, offering a glimpse into the unspoiled landscapes that once dominated the Illinois prairie.
Natural Wonders
At the heart of Starved Rock State Park lies its rugged terrain, carved over millions of years by the forces of wind, water, and ice. The park’s signature sandstone bluffs rise dramatically from the forest floor, creating a striking contrast against the surrounding flatlands. These ancient rock formations not only provide a stunning backdrop for exploration but also harbor a wealth of ecological diversity.
One of the park’s most iconic features is its network of deep canyons, each with its own unique character and charm. From the sheer walls of Wildcat Canyon to the tranquil pools of French Canyon, these natural wonders invite visitors to wander and wonder at the forces of nature that shaped them. In springtime, the canyons come alive with the vibrant hues of wildflowers, while autumn brings a riot of color as the leaves of the forest canopy change.
Waterfalls are another highlight of Starved Rock, offering moments of serenity amidst the rushing currents. LaSalle, Tonty, and St. Louis Canyons are just a few of the many spots where visitors can marvel at cascading streams tumbling over moss-covered rocks. For those seeking a more immersive experience, guided hikes led by park naturalists provide insights into the geology, flora, and fauna of these captivating landscapes.
Outdoor Recreation
Starved Rock State Park, with over 13 miles of well-maintained trails, beckons hikers of all skill levels to explore its scenic beauty. Whether you’re taking a leisurely stroll along the riverbanks or tackling the challenging terrain of the park’s more rugged trails, opportunities to connect with nature abound. For the adventurous spirit, rock climbing and rappelling offer a thrilling way to experience the park’s vertical landscapes.
In addition to hiking and climbing, Starved Rock boasts a wealth of recreational opportunities for outdoor enthusiasts. Fishing along the Illinois River, birdwatching amidst the forest canopy, and picnicking in shaded groves are just a few of the ways to enjoy the park’s natural splendor. During the winter months, cross-country skiing and snowshoeing transform the landscape into a winter wonderland, providing a different perspective on the park’s beauty.
Preservation and Conservation
As stewards of this natural treasure, the Illinois Department of Natural Resources and the dedicated staff of Starved Rock State Park are committed to preserving its ecological integrity for future generations. Through habitat restoration, invasive species management, and sustainable land management practices, efforts are underway to ensure that the park remains a haven for wildlife and a sanctuary for visitors.
Educational programs and interpretive exhibits also play a crucial role in fostering appreciation for the park’s natural and cultural heritage. From guided nature walks to interactive exhibits at the park’s visitor center, these initiatives seek to inspire curiosity and deepen understanding of the interconnectedness of all life within the park’s boundaries.
Conclusion
In a world increasingly dominated by urbanization and technology, places like Starved Rock State Park serve as vital reminders of the intrinsic value of nature. From its rugged landscapes to its rich history, this Midwestern gem offers a glimpse into a world untouched by time—a world where the beauty of the natural world reigns supreme. Whether you’re seeking adventure, solace, or simply a moment of awe, Starved Rock welcomes you to experience the wonders of the great outdoors in all their splendor.
